Calogero-Moser Systems as a Diffusion-Scaling Transform of Dunkl Processes on the Line

TL;DR

This paper establishes a mathematical link between Calogero-Moser systems and Dunkl processes through a diffusion-scaling transformation, explaining their similar freezing behavior at roots of Hermite polynomials.

Contribution

It introduces the diffusion-scaling transformation that connects Calogero-Moser systems with Dunkl processes on arbitrary root systems, clarifying their structural similarity.

Findings

Proves Calogero-Moser systems are diffusion-scaling transforms of Dunkl processes.

Explains the common freezing behavior at Hermite polynomial roots.

Provides a unified mathematical framework for these integrable systems.

Abstract

The Calogero-Moser systems are a series of interacting particle systems on one dimension that are both classically and quantum-mechanically integrable. Their integrability has been established through the use of Dunkl operators (a series of differential-difference operators that depend on the choice of an abstract set of vectors, or root system). At the same time, Dunkl operators are used to define a family of stochastic processes called Dunkl processes. We showed in a previous paper that when the coupling constant of interaction of the symmetric Dunkl process on the root system A(N-1) goes to infinity (the freezing regime), its final configuration is proportional to the roots of the Hermite polynomials. It is also known that the positions of the particles of the Calogero-Moser system with particle exchange become fixed at the roots of the Hermite polynomials in the freezing regime. Although both systems present a freezing behaviour that depends on the roots of the Hermite polynomials, the reason for this similarity has been an open problem until now. In the present work, we introduce a new type of similarity transformation called the diffusion-scaling transformation, in which a new space variable is given by a diffusion-scaling variable constructed using the original space and time variables. We prove that the abstract Calogero-Moser system on an arbitrary root system is a diffusion-scaling transform of the Dunkl process on the same root system. With this, we prove that the similar freezing behaviour of the two systems on A(N-1) stems from their similar mathematical structure.