MHD simulations of accretion onto a dipolar magnetosphere. II. Magnetospheric ejections and stellar spin-down

TL;DR

This study uses magneto-hydrodynamic simulations to explore how magnetospheric ejections influence angular momentum loss and stellar spin-down in young protostars with dipolar magnetic fields.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of magnetospheric ejections and their role in protostellar spin regulation through axisymmetric MHD simulations, highlighting the importance of magnetic field strength.

Findings

Magnetospheric ejections can effectively remove angular momentum from protostars.

The propeller regime occurs when the disk truncation approaches the corotation radius.

Strong dipolar magnetic fields are necessary for efficient spin-down, which are rarely observed.

Abstract

This paper examines the outflows associated with the interaction of a stellar magnetosphere with an accretion disk. In particular, we investigate the magnetospheric ejections (MEs) due to the expansion and reconnection of the field lines connecting the star with the disk. Our aim is to study the dynamical properties of the outflows and evaluate their impact on the angular momentum evolution of young protostars. Our models are based on axisymmetric time-dependent magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of the interaction of the dipolar magnetosphere of a rotating protostar with a viscous and resistive disk, using alpha prescriptions for the transport coefficients. Our simulations are designed in order to model: the accretion process and the formation of accretion funnels; the periodic inflation/reconnection of the magnetosphere and the associated MEs; the stellar wind. Similarly to a magnetic slingshot, MEs can be powered by the rotation of both the disk and the star so that they can efficiently remove angular momentum from both. Depending on the accretion rate, MEs can extract a relevant fraction of the accretion torque and, together with a weak but non-negligible stellar wind torque, can balance the spin-up due to accretion. When the disk truncation approaches the corotation radius, the system enters a "propeller" regime, where the torques exerted by the disk and the MEs can even balance the spin-up due to the stellar contraction. The MEs spin-down efficiency can be compared to other scenarios, such as the Ghosh & Lamb, X-wind or stellar wind models. Nevertheless, for all scenarios, an efficient spin-down torque requires a rather strong dipolar component, which has been seldom observed in classical T Tauri stars. A better analysis of the torques acting on the protostar must take into account non-axisymmetric and multipolar magnetic components consistent with observations.