Measuring Fermi velocities with ARPES in narrow band systems. The case of layered cobaltates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the challenges of accurately measuring Fermi velocities in layered cobaltates using ARPES, highlighting the impact of intensity variations on different analysis methods and proposing insights into electronic correlations.

Contribution

It demonstrates that intensity variations significantly affect MDC analysis in ARPES, and reviews how EDC and MDC methods compare in correlated layered cobaltates.

Findings

MDC and EDC methods can yield significantly different vF values.

Intensity variations distort MDC lineshapes but not EDC.

Simulations show intensity dependence explains analysis discrepancies.

Abstract

ARPES is a priori a technique of choice to measure the Fermi velocities vF in metals. In correlated systems, it is interesting to compare this experimental value to that obtained in band structure calculations, as deviations are usually taken as a good indicator of the presence of strong electronic correlations. Nevertheless, it is not always straightforward to extract vF from ARPES spectra. We study here the case of layered cobaltates, an interesting family of correlated metals. We compare the results obtained by standard methods, namely the fit of spectra at constant momentum k (energy distribution curve, EDC) or constant binding energy omega(momentum distribution curve, MDC). We find that the difference of vF between the two methods can be as large as a factor 2. The reliability of the 2 methods is intimately linked to the degree of k- and omega-dependence of the electronic self-energy. As the k-dependence is usually much smaller than the omega dependence for a correlated system, the MDC analysis is generally expected to give more reliable results. However, we review here several examples within cobaltates, where the MDC analysis apparently leads to unphysical results, while the EDC analysis appears coherent. We attribute the difference between the EDC and MDC analysis to a strong variation of the photoemission intensity with the momentum k. This distorts the MDC lineshapes but does not affect the EDC ones. Simulations including a k dependence of the intensity allow to reproduce the difference between MDC and EDC analysis very well. This momentum dependence could be of extrinsic or intrinsic. We argue that the latter is the most likely and actually contains valuable information on the nature of the correlations that would be interesting to extract further.