The mass loss process in dwarf galaxies from 3D hydrodynamical simulations: the role of dark matter and starbursts

TL;DR

This study uses 3D hydrodynamical simulations to explore how dark matter and starbursts influence mass loss in dwarf galaxies, highlighting the role of instabilities and physical parameters in galactic wind development.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the mechanisms driving mass loss in dwarf galaxies, emphasizing the impact of Rayleigh-Taylor Instability and the correlation with dark matter halo properties.

Findings

Winds are common regardless of gravitational potential.

Rayleigh-Taylor Instability significantly contributes to early mass loss.

Mass loss correlates with halo mass and supernova rate.

Abstract

Theoretical $\Lambda$CDM cosmological models predict a much larger number of low mass dark matter haloes than has been observed in the Local Group of galaxies. One possible explanation is the increased difficulty of detecting these haloes if most of the visible matter is lost at early evolutionary phases through galactic winds. In this work we study the current models of triggering galactic winds in dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph) from supernovae, and study, based on 3D hydrodynamic numerical simulations, the correlation of the mass loss rates and important physical parameters as the dark matter halo mass and its radial profile, and the star formation rate. We find that the existence of winds is ubiquitous, independent on the gravitational potential. Our simulations revealed that the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability (RTI) may play a major role on pushing matter out of these systems, even for very massive haloes. The instability is responsible for 5 - 40% of the mass loss during the early evolution of the galaxy, being less relevant at $t > 200$Myrs. There is no significant difference in the mass loss rates obtained for the different dark matter profiles studied (NFW and logarithmic). We have also found a correlation between the mass loss rate and both the halo mass and the rate of supernovae, as already reported in previous works. Besides, the epoch in which most of the baryon galactic matter is removed from the galaxy varies depending on the SN rate and gravitational potential. The later, combined to the importance of the RTI in each model, may change our understanding about the chemical evolution of dwarf galaxies, as well as in the heavy element contamination of the intergalactic medium at high redshifts.