An analysis of star formation with Herschel in the Hi-GAL Survey. I. The Science Demonstration Phase Fields

TL;DR

This paper uses Herschel Hi-GAL survey data to analyze star formation activity in specific Galactic Plane regions, estimating the star formation rate through young stellar objects and infrared luminosity, and comparing these methods.

Contribution

It provides new star formation rate estimates for selected Galactic fields using Herschel data and compares different measurement techniques, enhancing understanding of Galactic star formation.

Findings

Star formation rate in l=30 deg is approximately 9.5e-4 Msol/yr from source counting.

Star formation rate in l=59 deg is approximately 1.6e-4 Msol/yr from source counting.

Extrapolated Milky Way SFR estimates are about 0.71 and 0.10 Msol/yr for the two fields.

Abstract

The Herschel survey of the Galactic Plane (Hi-GAL) provides a unique opportunity to study star formation over large areas of the sky and different environments in the Milky Way. We use the best studied Hi-GAL fields to date, two 2x2 tiles centered on (l, b) = (30, 0) deg and (l, b) = (59, 0) deg, to study the star formation activity using a large sample of well selected young stellar objects (YSOs). We estimate the star formation rate (SFR) for these fields using the number of candidate YSOs and their average time scale to reach the Zero Age Main Sequence, and compare it with the rate estimated using their integrated luminosity at 70 micron combined with an extragalactic star formation indicator. We measure a SFR of (9.5 +- 4.3)*10^{-4} Msol/yr and (1.6 +- 0.7)*10^{-4} Msol/yr with the source counting method, in l=30 deg and l=59 deg, respectively. Results with the 70 micron estimator are (2.4 +- 0.4)*10^{-4} Msol/yr and (2.6 +- 1.1)*10^{-6} Msol/yr. Since the 70 micron indicator is derived from averaging extragalactic star forming complexes, we perform an extrapolation of these values to the whole Milky Way and obtain SFR_{MW} = (0.71 +- 0.13) Msol/yr from l = 30 deg and SFR_{MW} = (0.10 +- 0.04) Msol/yr from l=59 deg. The estimates in l=30 deg are in agreement with the most recent results on the Galactic star formation activity, indicating that the characteristics of this field are likely close to those of the star-formation dominated galaxies used for its derivation. Since the sky coverage is limited, this analysis will improve when the full Hi-GAL survey will be available.