A thermodynamically consistent Ginzburg-Landau model for superfluid transition in liquid helium

TL;DR

This paper introduces a thermodynamically consistent Ginzburg-Landau model for superfluid transition in liquid helium, capturing temperature and density variations and aligning with experimental phase diagrams.

Contribution

It develops a novel Ginzburg-Landau framework that incorporates thermodynamic consistency and variable density and temperature effects in superfluid helium.

Findings

The model reproduces the normal-superfluid phase diagram.

It predicts the relationship between density and temperature during transition.

The approach emphasizes the analogy with superconductivity.

Abstract

In this paper we propose a thermodynamically consistent model for superfluid-normal phase transition in liquid helium, accounting for variations of temperature and density. The phase transition is described by means of an order parameter, according to the Ginzburg-Landau theory, emphasizing the analogies between superfluidity and superconductivity. The normal component of the velocity is assumed to be compressible and the usual phase diagram of liquid helium is recovered. Moreover, the continuity equation leads to a dependence between density and temperature in agreement with the experimental data.