First cosmological constraints on the Superfluid Chaplygin gas model

TL;DR

This paper constrains the Superfluid Chaplygin gas model, which unifies dark energy and dark matter as a Bose-Einstein condensate, using observational data including gamma-ray bursts and supernovae, to understand the universe's accelerated expansion.

Contribution

It provides the first observational constraints on the Superfluid Chaplygin gas model using diverse cosmological data sets.

Findings

Constraints on the model parameters from observational data.

Estimated transition redshift from deceleration to acceleration.

Effective equation of state and deceleration parameter profiles.

Abstract

In this work we set observational constraints of the Superfluid Chaplygin gas model, which gives a unified description of the dark sector of the Universe as a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) that behaves as dark energy (DE) while it is in the ground state and as dark matter (DM) when it is in the excited state. We first show and perform the various steps leading to a form of the equations suitable for the observational tests to be carried out. Then, by using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) code, we constrain the model with a sample of cosmology-independent long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) calibrated using their Type I Fundamental Plane, as well as the Union2.1 set and observational Hubble parameter data. In this analysis, using our cosmological constraints, we sketch the effective equation of state parameter and deceleration parameter, and we also obtain the redshift of the transition from deceleration to acceleration: $z_t$.