On the Origin of Elementary Particle Masses

TL;DR

This paper proposes that elementary particle masses originate solely from their self-interactions, leading to predictions consistent with observed neutrino masses and offering explanations for particle mass hierarchies and gravitational phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a novel self-interaction based model for particle masses, providing order-of-magnitude predictions and physical insights into particle hierarchies and gravitational effects.

Findings

Neutrino masses align with experimental limits.

Gluons and gravitons acquire small but nonzero masses.

Effective ranges for gluons and gravity match observed large-scale structures.

Abstract

The oldest enigma in fundamental particle physics is: Where do the observed masses of elementary particles come from? Inspired by observation of the empirical particle mass spectrum we propose that the masses of elementary particles arise solely due to the self-interaction of the fields associated with a particle. We thus assume that the mass is proportional to the strength of the interaction of the field with itself. A simple application of this idea to the fermions is seen to yield a mass for the neutrino in line with constraints from direct experimental upper limits and correct order of magnitude predictions of mass separations between neutrinos, charged leptons and quarks. The neutrino interacts only through the weak force, hence becomes light. The electron interacts also via electromagnetism and accordingly becomes heavier. The quarks also have strong interactions and become heavy. The photon is the only fundamental particle to remain massless, as it is chargeless. Gluons gain mass comparable to quarks, or slightly larger due to a somewhat larger color charge. Including particles outside the standard model proper, gravitons are not exactly massless, but very light due to their very weak self-interaction. Some immediate and physically interesting consequences arise: i) Gluons have an effective range $\sim 1$fm, physically explaining why QCD has finite reach ii) Gravity has an effective range $\sim 100$ Mpc coinciding with the largest known structures; the cosmic voids iii) Gravitational waves undergo dispersion even in vacuum, and have all five polarizations (not just the two of $m=0$), which might explain why they have not yet been detected.