Are Large Trojan Asteroids Salty? An Observational, Theoretical, and Experimental Study

TL;DR

This study combines observational, theoretical, and experimental approaches to investigate the surface composition of Jovian Trojan asteroids, suggesting they may have salty surfaces formed by ancient brine deposits and subsequent contamination.

Contribution

It introduces a modified radiative transfer model to explain Trojan spectra with silicates and salts, proposing a salt deposit hypothesis supported by spectral fitting.

Findings

Trojan spectra can be explained by silicates and salts in a transparent matrix.

Salt deposits on Trojan surfaces are consistent with spectral data but not definitively confirmed.

Surface salts likely originate from ancient brine deposits formed by melting and evaporation.

Abstract

With a total mass similar to the main asteroid belt, the Jovian Trojan asteroids are a major feature in the solar system. Based upon the thermal infrared spectra of the largest Trojans obtained with the Spitzer space telescope, Emery et al. (2006) suggested that the surfaces of these Trojans may consist of fine-grained silicates suspended in a transparent matrix. To explore the transparent matrix hypothesis, we adopted a modified radiative transfer model to fit the Trojan spectra simultaneously both in the near and the thermal infrared regions. Our model shows that the Trojan spectra over a wide wavelength range can be consistently explained by fine grained silicates (1-5 wt.%) and highly absorbing material (e.g. carbon or iron, 2-10 wt.%) suspended in a transparent matrix. The matrix is consistent with a deposit of salt on the surfaces of the large Trojans. However, this consistency is not an actual detection of salt and other alternatives may still be possible. We suggest that early in the Solar System history, short-lived radionuclides heated ice-rich Trojans and caused melting, internal circulation of water and dissolution of soluble materials. Briny water volcanism were facilitated by internal volatiles and a possibly global sill of frozen brine was formed beneath the cold primitive crust. The frozen brine layer was likely to be evacuated by impact erosions and evaporation of the exposed brines eventually left a lag deposit of salt. Over the Solar System's history, fine dust from comets or impacts contaminated and colored these salty surfaces of the Trojans to produce the spectral properties observed today.