Dynamical evaporation of quantum horizons

TL;DR

This paper models black hole evaporation through quantum horizon dynamics in loop quantum gravity, revealing deviations from thermality, formation of remnants, and implications for the information paradox.

Contribution

It introduces a quantum dynamical horizon framework using loop quantum gravity, linking fluctuation-dissipation relations to horizon evolution and remnant formation.

Findings

Horizon evolution follows a fluctuation-dissipation relation.

Quantum horizon structure causes deviations from thermal radiation.

Remnants form at the end of evaporation, affecting information retention.

Abstract

We describe the black hole evaporation process driven by the dynamical evolution of the quantum gravitational degrees of freedom resident at the horizon, as identified by the loop quantum gravity kinematics. Using a parallel with the Brownian motion, we interpret the first law of quantum dynamical horizon in terms of a fluctuation-dissipation relation. In this way, the horizon evolution is described in terms of relaxation to an equilibrium state balanced by the excitation of Planck scale constituents of the horizon. This discrete quantum hair structure associated to the horizon geometry produces a deviation from thermality in the radiation spectrum. We investigate the final stage of the evaporation process and show how the dynamics leads to the formation of a massive remnant, which can eventually decay. Implications for the information paradox are discussed.