Three-dimensional evolution of erupted flux ropes from the Sun (2-20 Rs) to 1 AU

TL;DR

This study combines remote sensing and in-situ data to track the 3D evolution of magnetic flux ropes from the Sun to 1 AU, revealing their deflection and rotation during propagation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel combined methodology for analyzing the 3D orientation changes of flux ropes from near-Sun to 1 AU, enhancing understanding of their evolution.

Findings

Flux ropes tend to deflect towards the solar equatorial plane.

Evidence of flux rope rotation during propagation.

First multievent comparison of CME 3D parameters from imaging and in-situ data.

Abstract

Studying the evolution of magnetic clouds entrained in coronal mass ejections using in-situ data is a difficult task since only a limited number of observational points is available at large heliocentric distances. Remote sensing observations can, however, provide important information for events close to the Sun. In this work we estimate the flux rope orientation first in the close vicinity of the Sun (2-20 Rs) using forward modeling of STEREO/SECCHI and SOHO/LASCO coronagraph images of coronal mass ejections and then in-situ using Grad-Shafranov reconstruction of the magnetic cloud. Thus, we are able to measure changes in the orientation of the erupted flux ropes as they propagate from the Sun to 1 AU. We present both techniques and use them to study 15 magnetic clouds observed during the minimum following Solar Cycle 23 and the rise of Solar Cycle 24. This is the first multievent study to compare the three-dimensional parameters of CMEs from imaging and in-situ reconstructions. The results of our analysis confirm earlier studies showing that the flux ropes tend to deflect towards the solar equatorial plane. We also find evidence of rotation on their travel from the Sun to 1 AU. In contrast to past studies, our method allows one to deduce the evolution of the three-dimensional orientation of individual flux ropes rather than on a statistical basis.