Observations and models of slow solar wind with Mg9+ ions in quiescent streamers

TL;DR

This study combines UV observations and advanced modeling to analyze Mg9+ ions in quiescent solar streamers, revealing their density, temperature, and flow structures, and linking these to the origins of the slow solar wind.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed modeling of Mg9+ ion properties in solar streamers, integrating observational data with a three-fluid model to understand heavy ion behavior.

Findings

Mg9+ ions are heated by an empirical radial heating function.

Model results agree qualitatively with UV observations.

Insights into the connection between streamer magnetic structure and slow solar wind sources.

Abstract

Quiescent streamers are characterized by a peculiar UV signature as pointed out by the results from the observations of the Ultraviolet and Coronograph Spectrometer (UVCS) on board SOHO: the intensity of heavy ion emission lines (such as OVI) show dimmer core relative to the edges. Previous models show that the structure of the heavy ion streamer emission relates to the acceleration regions of the slow solar wind at streamer legs and to gravitational settling processes in the streamer core. Observations of Mg9+ ion EUV emission in coronal streamers at solar minimum were first reported by the UVCS instrument. The Mg X 625A emission is an order of magnitude smaller than the OVI 1032A emission, requiring longer exposures to obtain statistically significant results. Here, MgX coronal observations are analyzed and compared, for the first time, with the solar minimum streamer structure in hydrogen and OVI emissions. We employ the 2.5D three-fluid model, developed previously to study the properties of O5+ ions in streamers, and calculate for the first time the density, temperature, and outflow structure of Mg9+ ions in the solar minimum streamer. The Mg9+ ions are heated by an empirical radial heating function constrained by observations of the kinetic ion temperature obtained from MgX emission line profiles. The detailed structure of Mg9+ density, temperature, and outflow speed determined by the Coulomb momentum and energy exchange as well as electromagnetic interactions with electrons and protons in the three-fluid model of the streamer. The results of the model are in good qualitative agreement with observations, and provide insights on the possible link between the magnetic structure of the streamer, slow solar wind sources, and relative abundances of heavy ions.