An analysis of the influence of background subtraction and quenching on jet observables in heavy-ion collisions

TL;DR

This paper evaluates how background subtraction and quenching influence jet observables in heavy-ion collisions, comparing methods and analyzing their effects on measurements like dijet asymmetry and azimuthal distributions.

Contribution

It systematically assesses the effectiveness of common background subtraction techniques and explores the impact of quenching on jet observables using toy models and simulations.

Findings

Background fluctuations affect jet spectra and asymmetries differently.

Azimuthal background modulation influences dijet azimuthal distributions.

Quenching impacts dijet asymmetry but not azimuthal distributions significantly.

Abstract

Subtraction of the large background in reconstruction is a key ingredient in jet studies in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC. Here we address the question to which extent the most commonly used subtraction techniques are able to eliminate the effects of the background on the most commonly discussed observables at present: single inclusive jet distributions, dijet asymmetry and azimuthal distributions. We consider two different background subtraction methods, an area-based one implemented through the FastJet pack- age and a pedestal subtraction method, that resemble the ones used by the experimental collaborations at the LHC. We also analyze different ways of defining the optimal parame- ters in the second method. We use a toy model that easily allows variations of the background characteristics: average background level and fluctuations and azimuthal structure, but cross- checks are also done with a Monte Carlo simulator. Furthermore, we consider the influence of quenching using Q-PYTHIA on the dijet observables with the different background subtrac- tion methods and, additionally, we examine the missing momentum of particles. The average background level and fluctuations affect both single inclusive spectra and dijet asymmetries, although differently for different subtraction setups. A large azimuthal modulation of the background has a visible effect on the azimuthal dijet distributions. Quenching, as imple- mented in Q-PYTHIA, substantially affects the dijet asymmetry but little the azimuthal dijet distributions. Besides, the missing momentum characteristics observed in the experiment are qualitatively reproduced by Q-PYTHIA.