Theories of Low Energy Nuclear Transmutations

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that low energy nuclear transmutations can be induced by all four fundamental interactions, highlighting their diversity in rates and similarities in nuclear reaction mechanisms.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis showing that all four fundamental forces can induce low energy nuclear reactions, supported by concrete nuclear physics examples.

Findings

Nuclear transmutations occur via all four fundamental interactions.

Rates of reactions vary widely among different interactions.

Reactions share common nuclear mechanisms despite different initiating forces.

Abstract

Employing concrete examples from nuclear physics it is shown that low energy nuclear reactions can and have been induced by all of the four fundamental interactions (i) (stellar) gravitational, (ii) strong, (iii) electromagnetic and (iv) weak. Differences are highlighted through the great diversity in the rates and similarity through the nature of the nuclear reactions initiated by each.