On the Hot Gas Content of the Milky Way Halo

TL;DR

This paper investigates whether a substantial hot gas halo around the Milky Way could account for the galaxy's missing baryons, analyzing X-ray and radio data to evaluate different halo models and their baryonic content.

Contribution

It demonstrates that an extended, low-density hot halo with a core can contain most of the missing baryons, challenging previous models assuming a cuspy profile.

Findings

A cuspy NFW hot halo is inconsistent with observations.

An extended, low-density hot halo could contain up to 10^11 solar masses.

Such a halo could account for all the missing baryons.

Abstract

The Milky Way appears to be missing baryons, as the observed mass in stars and gas is well below the cosmic mean. One possibility is that a substantial fraction of the Galaxy's baryons are embedded within an extended, million-degree hot halo, an idea supported indirectly by observations of warm gas clouds in the halo and gas-free dwarf spheroidal satellites. X-ray observations have established that hot gas does exist in our Galaxy beyond the local hot bubble; however, it may be distributed in a hot disk configuration. Moreover, recent investigations into the X-ray constraints have suggested that any Galactic corona must be insignificant. Here we re-examine the observational data, particularly in the X-ray and radio bands, in order to determine whether it is possible for a substantial fraction of the Galaxy's baryons to exist in ~ 10^6 K gas. In agreement with past studies, we find that a baryonically closed halo is clearly ruled out if one assumes that the hot corona is distributed with a cuspy NFW profile. However, if the hot corona of the galaxy is in an extended, low-density distribution with a large central core, as expected for an adiabatic gas in hydrostatic equilibrium, then it may contain up to 10^11 M_sun of material, possibly accounting for all of the missing Galactic baryons. We briefly discuss some potential avenues for discriminating between a massive, extended hot halo and a local hot disk.