Galactic archaeology: mapping and dating stellar populations with asteroseismology of red-giant stars

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that asteroseismology of red giants can accurately determine stellar distances and ages, enabling detailed mapping of the Milky Way's structure and evolution.

Contribution

It introduces a method using pulsation spectra of red giants as precise distance and age indicators for Galactic mapping.

Findings

Distances for ~2000 stars across 15,000 pc of the Galactic disc were determined.

Significant differences in mass distributions suggest a vertical age gradient in the disc.

Red giant asteroseismology can effectively probe Galactic structure beyond the solar neighborhood.

Abstract

Our understanding of how the Galaxy was formed and evolves is severely hampered by the lack of precise constraints on basic stellar properties such as distances, masses, and ages. Here, we show that solar-like pulsating red giants represent a well-populated class of accurate distance indicators, spanning a large age range, which can be used to map and date the Galactic disc in the regions probed by observations made by the CoRoT and Kepler space telescopes. When combined with photometric constraints, the pulsation spectra of such evolved stars not only reveal their radii, and hence distances, but also provide well-constrained estimates of their masses, which are reliable proxies for the ages of the stars. As a first application we consider red giants observed by CoRoT in two different parts of the Milky Way, and determine precise distances for ~2000 stars spread across nearly 15,000 pc of the Galactic disc, exploring regions which are a long way from the solar neighbourhood. We find significant differences in the mass distributions of these two samples which, by comparison with predictions of synthetic models of the Milky Way, we interpret as mainly due to the vertical gradient in the distribution of stellar masses (hence ages) in the disc. In the future, the availability of spectroscopic constraints for this sample of stars will not only improve the age determination, but also provide crucial constraints on age-velocity and age-metallicity relations at different Galactocentric radii and heights from the plane.