The Meissner effect puzzle and the quantum force in superconductor

TL;DR

This paper examines the Meissner effect in superconductors, highlighting a quantum force that explains charge carrier acceleration and related paradoxes during state transitions, addressing unresolved issues in superconductivity.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of an azimuthal quantum force to explain phenomena in superconductors that previous theories could not fully resolve.

Findings

Quantum force explains charge acceleration in superconductors.

The quantum force accounts for phenomena during normal-superconducting transitions.

It clarifies paradoxes related to the Meissner effect.

Abstract

The puzzle of the acceleration of the mobile charge carriers and the ions in the superconductor in direction opposite to the electromagnetic force revealed formerly in the Meissner effect is considered in the case of the transition of a narrow ring from normal to superconducting state. It is elucidated that the azimuthal quantum force was deduced eleven years ago from the experimental evidence of this acceleration but it can not solve this puzzle. This quantum force explains other paradoxical phenomena connected with reiterated switching of the ring between normal and superconducting states.