Gluon confinement and the two IR solutions

TL;DR

This paper investigates two infrared solutions of covariant Yang-Mills equations, finding that the scaling solution is gauge-dependent and that the massive solution is energetically favored, while also discussing the experimental status of gluon confinement.

Contribution

It demonstrates the gauge dependence of the scaling solution and compares the effective actions of the two solutions, providing insights into gluon confinement mechanisms.

Findings

Scaling solution does not persist outside Landau gauge.

Massive solution has lower Faddeev-Popov effective action.

Gluon confinement remains only marginally supported by experiments.

Abstract

We examine the two solutions (massive and scaling) for the covariant Yang-Mills Dyson-Schwinger equations within stochastic quantization, and find that the scaling solution does not survive outside Landau gauge. We also see that the (rainbow) massive solution has less Faddeev-Popov effective action. Finally, we argue that gluon confinement has only been marginally established in experiment and suggest further empirical work.