Solar flare hard X-ray spikes observed by RHESSI: a statistical study

TL;DR

This study statistically analyzes the temporal and spectral properties of 184 hard X-ray spikes observed during solar flares by RHESSI, revealing their occurrence patterns, durations, spectral hardness, and timing characteristics.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive statistical characterization of HXR spikes, including their occurrence during different flare phases and spectral properties, using a large RHESSI dataset.

Findings

HXR spikes occur in both impulsive and long-duration flares.

Most spikes occur during the rise and peak phases of flares.

Spike durations range from 0.2 to 2 seconds, averaging 1.0 second.

Abstract

Context. Hard X-ray (HXR) spikes refer to fine time structures on timescales of seconds to milliseconds in high-energy HXR emission profiles during solar flare eruptions. Aims. We present a preliminary statistical investigation of temporal and spectral properties of HXR spikes. Methods. Using a three-sigma spike selection rule, we detected 184 spikes in 94 out of 322 flares with significant counts at given photon energies, which were detected from demodulated HXR light curves obtained by the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). About one fifth of these spikes are also detected at photon energies higher than 100 keV. Results. The statistical properties of the spikes are as follows. (1) HXR spikes are produced in both impulsive flares and long-duration flares with nearly the same occurrence rates. Ninety percent of the spikes occur during the rise phase of the flares, and about 70% occur around the peak times of the flares. (2) The time durations of the spikes vary from 0.2 to 2 s, with the mean being 1.0 s, which is not dependent on photon energies. The spikes exhibit symmetric time profiles with no significant difference between rise and decay times. (3) Among the most energetic spikes, nearly all of them have harder count spectra than their underlying slow-varying components. There is also a weak indication that spikes exhibiting time lags in high-energy emissions tend to have harder spectra than spikes with time lags in low-energy emissions.