Fluctuation-Electromagnetic Interaction between Rotating Nanoparticles. 2.Relativistic Theory

TL;DR

This paper develops a relativistic theory for fluctuation electromagnetic interactions between rotating nanoparticles, deriving formulas for free energy, torque, and heat transfer considering retardation effects and temperature differences.

Contribution

It introduces a relativistic framework for nanoparticle interactions, extending static and electrostatic models to include retardation and rotation effects.

Findings

Derived closed-form expressions for free energy, torque, and heat transfer.

Compared relativistic results with static and electrostatic limits.

Identified the impact of retardation and temperature differences on interactions.

Abstract

We study the fluctuation electromagnetic interaction in a system of two rotating electrically neutral nonmagnetic particles with allowance for relativistic retardation effect. The particles are assumed to have different temperatures being embedded into a heated vacuum background (photon gas). Closed expressions for the free energy, frictional torque and the rate of heat transfer are derived and compared to the known static results and those in the electrostatic limit without retardation.