The Structure & Linear Polarization of the Kiloparsec-Scale Jet of the Quasar 3C\,345

TL;DR

This study uses deep radio imaging to analyze the structure and polarization of the 3C 345 quasar's jet, revealing a complex magnetic field configuration and jet dynamics on kiloparsec scales.

Contribution

It provides detailed measurements of the jet's polarization, structure, and magnetic field orientation, and suggests jet re-direction and helical magnetic fields as key features.

Findings

Jet length approximately 27 kpc.

Polarization pattern indicates a helical magnetic field.

Jet speed constrained to be greater than 0.5c.

Abstract

Deep Very Large Array imaging of the quasar 3C\,345 at 4.86 and 8.44 GHz has been used to study the structure and linear polarization of its radio jet on scales ranging from 2 to 30 kpc. There is a 7--8 Jy unresolved core with spectral index $\alpha \simeq -0.24$ ($I_\nu \propto \nu^{\alpha}$). The jet (typical intensity 15 mJy/beam) consists of a $2.5\arcsec$ straight section containing two knots, and two additional non-co-linear knots at the end. The jet's total projected length is about 27 kpc. The spectral index of the jet varies over $-1.1 \lesssim \alpha \lesssim -0.5$. The jet diverges with a semi-opening angle of about $9^\circ$, and is nearly constant in integrated brightness over its length. A faint feature north-east of the core does not appear to be a true counter-jet, but rather an extended lobe of this FR-II radio source seen in projection. The absence of a counter-jet is sufficient to place modest constraints on the speed of the jet on these scales, requiring $\beta \ga 0.5$. Despite the indication of jet precession in the total intensity structure, the polarization images suggest instead a jet re-directed at least twice by collisions with the external medium. Surprisingly, the electric vector position angles in the main body of the jet are neither longitudinal nor transverse, but make an angle of about $55^\circ$ with the jet axis in the middle while along the edges the vectors are transverse, suggesting a helical magnetic field. There is no significant Faraday rotation in the source, so that is not the cause of the twist. The fractional polarization in the jet averages 25% and is higher at the edges. In a companion paper it is shown that differential Doppler boosting in a diverging relativisitic velocity field can explain the electric vector pattern in the jet.