An optimal multi-period crossover design for an application in paediatric nephrology

TL;DR

This paper develops an optimal 30-period crossover trial design for pediatric nephrology, enabling effective treatment comparison with a small sample size of nine children in haemodialysis studies.

Contribution

It introduces a novel, optimal multi-period crossover design tailored for small pediatric clinical trials with many periods, addressing limitations of existing designs.

Findings

Designed a 30-period crossover trial for nine patients.

Demonstrated improved efficiency over traditional shorter designs.

Applied the design successfully in a pediatric haemodialysis study.

Abstract

Crossover clinical trials can provide substantial benefits by eliminating inter-patient variation from treatment comparisons and by allowing multiple observations of each patient. They are particularly useful when sample sizes are necessarily small. These advantages proved particularly valuable in an assessment of clot prevention in children undergoing haemodialysis. Only small numbers of children are treated at any given time in any single unit, but each patient is obliged to attend two or three times each week, suggesting the use of a crossover trial with many periods. Standard crossover trials described in the literature a) typically have fewer than 10 periods and b) are based on a model of questionable applicability to this study. This paper describes the derivation of an optimal crossover trial with 30 periods which was used to compare the treatments using nine patients.