Self Healing Soap Films

TL;DR

This study explores how soap films can withstand objects passing through them by analyzing the balance of forces at different impact energies, revealing three distinct stability regimes based on the Weber number.

Contribution

It introduces an experimental investigation of soap film stability during object passage, identifying the influence of Weber number on different cavity shapes and rupture behaviors.

Findings

Three stability regimes identified based on Weber number.

Cavity shapes transition from catenoid to inverted cone to elongated forms.

Film stability depends on the balance between sphere inertia and film tension.

Abstract

In 1904, while experimenting with high-speed photography, Lucien Bull recorded a pellet passing through a soap bubble. We investigate the dynamics that allow for a rigid body to pass through a hemispherical soap film without rupturing it. In this fluid dynamics video spheres were dropped from rest above a hemispherical soap film. At impact, the soap film stretches into a cavity around the sphere. As the sphere continues to descend, the film cavity pinches off and the film returns to its initial hemispherical shape. Upon closer observation of the film-sphere-air interface, the stability of the soap film appears to arise through a balance between the forces of the sphere inertia and the film tension. Therefore the relevant experimental parameter is the Weber number: We=rho*2*g*h*R*sigma, where R is the sphere radius and h is the height that the sphere is dropped from. We vary the sphere radius and velocity to provide a range of Weber numbers in order to investigate the dependence of film stability. Three subtly distinct regimes arise across the observed experimental range of Weber numbers. The first regime is demonstrated (We<3200) by a cavity shape that resembles a catenoid which pinches off both near the sphere and the hemispherical surface. The second regime is demonstrated (3200<We<6100) by a uniformly narrowing cavity resembling an inverted cone that pinches off near the sphere. The third regime initially appears similar to the second but the greater sphere inertia (6100<We) elongates the cavity shape and causes pinch-off and cavity collapse to be non-uniform in nature.