Strain sensitivity and superconducting properties of Nb3Sn from first principles calculations

TL;DR

This study uses first-principles calculations to analyze how strain affects the superconducting properties of Nb3Sn, revealing an intrinsic microscopic origin of strain sensitivity and comparing theoretical predictions with experimental data.

Contribution

The paper provides a microscopic understanding of strain sensitivity in Nb3Sn through first-principles calculations, linking electronic and phononic changes to superconducting behavior.

Findings

Tc exhibits a bell-shaped dependence on strain with a maximum at zero strain.

Strain sensitivity of Nb3Sn is intrinsic and originates from shifts in the critical surface.

Experimental wire data shows higher strain sensitivity than bulk predictions.

Abstract

Using calculations from first principles based on density functional theory we have studied the strain sensitivity of the high-field superconducting magnet A15 Nb3Sn. The Nb3Sn lattice cell was deformed in the same way as observed experimentally on multi-filamentary, technological wires subject to loads applied along their axes. The phonon dispersion curves and electronic band structures along different high-symmetry directions in the Brillouin zone were calculated, at different levels of applied strain, {\epsilon}, both on the compressive and the tensile side. Starting from the calculated averaged phonon frequencies and electron-phonon coupling, the superconducting characteristic critical temperature of the material, Tc, has been calculated by means of the Allen-Dynes modification of the McMillan formula. As a result, the characteristic bell-shaped Tc vs. {\epsilon} curve, with a maximum at zero intrinsic strain, and with a slight asymmetry between the tensile and compressive sides, has been obtained. These first-principle calculations thus show that the strain sensitivity of Nb3Sn has a microscopic and intrinsic origin, originating from shifts in the Nb3Sn critical surface. In addition, our computations show that variations of superconducting properties of this compound are correlated to stress-induced changes in both the phononic and electronic properties. Finally, the strain function describing the strain sensitivity of Nb3Sn has been extracted from the computed Tc({\epsilon}) curve, and compared to experimental data from multi-filamentary wires. Both curves show the expected bell-shaped behavior, but the strain sensitivity of the wire is enhanced with respect to the theoretical predictions of the bulk, perfectly binary and stoichiometric Nb3Sn. Understanding the origin of this difference might open potential pathways towards the improvement of the strain tolerance in such systems.