Effects of Compton Cooling on Outflow in a Two Component Accretion Flow around a Black Hole: Results of a Coupled Monte Carlo-TVD Simulation

TL;DR

This study uses coupled Monte Carlo and hydrodynamic simulations to explore how Compton cooling affects outflow rates and spectral states in a two-component black hole accretion flow, revealing that increased disk accretion cools the cloud, reduces outflows, and softens the spectrum.

Contribution

It introduces a coupled Monte Carlo-TVD simulation approach to analyze the impact of Compton cooling on outflow formation and spectral properties in a two-component accretion flow around a black hole.

Findings

Increased Keplerian disk rate cools the Compton cloud.

Cooling reduces outflow rates and collapses the post-shock region.

Spectral slope increases with electron temperature reduction.

Abstract

We wish to investigate the effects of cooling of the Compton cloud on the outflow formation rate in an accretion disk around a black hole. We carry out a time dependent numerical simulation where both the hydrodynamics and the radiative transfer processes are coupled together. We consider a two-component accretion flow in which the Keplerian disk is immersed into an accreting low-angular momentum flow (halo) around a black hole. The soft photons which originate from the Keplerian disk are inverse-Comptonized by the electrons in the halo and the region between the centrifugal pressure supported shocks and the horizon. We run several cases by changing the rate of the Keplerian disk and see the effects on the shock location and properties of the outflow and the spectrum. We show that as a result of Comptonization of the Compton cloud, the cloud becomes cooler with the increase in the Keplerian disk rate. As the resultant thermal pressure is reduced, the post-shock region collapses and the outflow rate is also reduced. Since the hard radiation is produced from the post-shock region, and the spectral slope increases with the reduction of the electron temperature, the cooling produces softer spectrum. We thus find a direct correlation between the spectral states and the outflow rates of an accreting black hole.