No Stripped Hydrogen in the Nebular Spectra of Nearby Type Ia Supernova 2011fe

TL;DR

This study sets the most stringent observational limits yet on hydrogen emission in the nebular spectrum of SN 2011fe, challenging the single-degenerate progenitor model for Type Ia supernovae.

Contribution

It provides the deepest upper limit on stripped hydrogen mass in a Type Ia supernova, constraining progenitor models with high-sensitivity spectral analysis.

Findings

No detectable H-alpha emission in SN 2011fe nebular spectrum

Upper limit of 0.001 solar masses of stripped hydrogen

Strong constraints on single-degenerate progenitor models

Abstract

A generic prediction of the single-degenerate model for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is that a significant amount of material will be stripped from the donor star (~0.5 Msun for a giant donor and ~0.15 Msun for a main sequence donor) by the supernova ejecta. This material, excited by gamma-rays from radioactive decay, would then produce relatively narrow (1000 km s-1) emission features observable once the supernova enters the nebular phase. Such emission has never been detected, which already provides strong constraints on Type Ia progenitor models. In this Letter we report the deepest limit yet on the presence of H-alpha emission originating from the stripped hydrogen in the nebular spectrum of a Type Ia supernova obtained using a high signal-to-noise spectrum of the nearby normal SN Ia 2011fe 274 days after B-band maximum light with the Large Binocular Telescope's Multi-Object Double Spectrograph. We put a conservative upper limit on the H-alpha flux of 3.14 x 10^-17 erg s-1 cm-2, which corresponds to a luminosity of 1.57 x 10^35 erg s-1. By scaling models from the literature, our flux limit translates into an upper limit of 0.001 Msun of stripped material. This is an order of magnitude stronger than previous limits. SN 2011fe was a typical Type Ia supernova, special only in its proximity, and we argue that lack of hydrogen emission in its nebular spectrum adds yet another strong constraint on the single degenerate class of models for SNe Ia.