Characterization of the Hamamatsu R11780 12 inch Photomultiplier Tube

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the Hamamatsu R11780 12-inch photomultiplier tube's performance characteristics, demonstrating its suitability for large water Cherenkov and scintillator detectors in neutrino physics.

Contribution

It provides detailed measurements of the R11780 PMT's single photoelectron response, quantum efficiency, and surface efficiency variations, highlighting its high performance for large detectors.

Findings

Peak-to-valley ratio > 2

Transit time spread ~1.3 ns

Late-pulsing probability < 5%

Abstract

Future large water Cherenkov and scintillator detectors have been proposed for measurements of long baseline neutrino oscillations, proton decay, supernova and solar neutrinos. To ensure cost-effectiveness and optimize scientific reach, one of the critical requirements for such detectors are large-area, high performance photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). One candidate for such a device is the Hamamatsu R11780, a 12" PMT that is available in both standard and high quantum efficiency versions. Measurements of the single photoelectron response characteristics, relative efficiencies of the standard and high quantum efficiency versions, a preliminary measurement of the absolute quantum efficiency of the standard quantum efficiency version, and a two-dimensional scan of the relative efficiency across the photocathode surface are presented in this paper. All single photoelectron investigations were made using a Cherenkov light source at room temperature at a gain of 1*10^7. These results show that the R11780 PMT is a excellent candidate for such large optical detectors, including the peak-to-valley ratios greater than 2, transit time spreads around 1.3 ns, and late-pulsing probabilities less than 5%.