Optical vortices induced in nonlinear multilevel atomic vapors

TL;DR

This paper numerically explores how optical vortices form and evolve in a nonlinear three-level atomic vapor, influenced by beam properties and susceptibilities, revealing rules for vortex characteristics.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed numerical analysis of vortex formation in multilevel atomic vapors considering multiple susceptibilities and dressing effects, providing new insights into vortex dynamics.

Findings

Vortex formation depends on incident beam parameters.

Number of vortices correlates with beam size and topological charge.

Rules for vortex number and rotation direction are established.

Abstract

In a numerical investigation, we demonstrate the existence and curious evolution of vortices in a ladder-type three-level nonlinear atomic vapor with linear, cubic, and quintic susceptibilities considered simultaneously with the dressing effect. We find that the number of beads and topological charge of the incident beam, as well as its size, greatly affect the formation and evolution of vortices. To determine the number of induced vortices and the corresponding rotation direction, we give common rules associated with the initial conditions coming from various incident beams.