Thermal entanglement in exactly solvable Ising-XXZ diamond chain structure

TL;DR

This paper analytically investigates thermal entanglement in an infinite Ising-XXZ diamond chain, revealing how anisotropy, magnetic field, and temperature influence quantum entanglement in complex materials.

Contribution

It provides an exact analytical study of thermal entanglement in an infinite Ising-XXZ diamond chain, including the effects of anisotropy, magnetic field, and temperature.

Findings

Thermal entanglement depends on anisotropy, magnetic field, and temperature.

Threshold temperature for entanglement varies with system parameters.

Concurrence can be directly calculated in the thermodynamic limit.

Abstract

Most quantum entanglement investigations are focused on two qubits or some finite (small) chain structure, since the infinite chain structure is a considerably cumbersome task. Therefore, the quantum entanglement properties involving an infinite chain structure is quite important, not only because the mathematical calculation is cumbersome but also because real materials are well represented by an infinite chain. Thus, in this paper we consider an entangled diamond chain with Ising and anisotropic Heisenberg (Ising-XXZ) coupling. Two interstitial particles are coupled through Heisenberg coupling or simply two-qubit Heisenberg, which could be responsible for the emergence of entanglement. These two-qubit Heisenberg operators are interacted with two nodal Ising spins. An infinite diamond chain is organized by interstitial-interstitial and nodal-interstitial (dimer-monomer) site couplings. We are able to get the thermal average of the two-qubit operator, called the reduced two-qubit density operator. Since these density operators are spatially separated, we could obtain the concurrence (entanglement) directly in the thermodynamic limit. The thermal entanglement (concurrence) is constructed for different values of the anisotropic Heisenberg parameter, magnetic field and temperature. We also observed the threshold temperature via the parameter of anisotropy, Heisenberg and Ising interaction, external magnetic field, and temperature.