IC4663: the first unambiguous [WN] Wolf-Rayet central star of a planetary nebula

TL;DR

The paper reports the discovery of IC4663 as the first unambiguous [WN] Wolf-Rayet central star of a planetary nebula, revealing a new evolutionary sequence and suggesting binary merger origins for H-deficient stars.

Contribution

It identifies the first clear [WN] central star in a planetary nebula and links it to a new evolutionary sequence, expanding understanding of H-deficient stellar evolution.

Findings

IC4663 is the first confirmed [WN] central star in a PN.

The star has an unusual helium-rich, hydrogen-deficient composition.

The discovery supports a new [WN]->O(He) evolutionary sequence.

Abstract

Several [WC]-type central stars of planetary nebulae (PNe) are known to mimic the spectroscopic appearance of massive carbon-rich or WC-type Wolf-Rayet stars. In stark contrast, no [WN]-type central stars have yet been identified as clear-cut analogues of the common nitrogen-rich or WN-type Wolf-Rayet stars. We have identified the [WN3] central star of IC4663 to be the first unambiguous example in PNe. The low luminosity nucleus and an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) halo surrounding the main nebula prove the bona-fide PN nature of IC4663. Model atmosphere analysis reveals the [WN3] star to have an exotic chemical composition of helium (95%), hydrogen (<2%), nitrogen (0.8%), neon (0.2%) and oxygen (0.05%) by mass. Such an extreme helium-dominated composition cannot be predicted by current evolutionary scenarios for hydrogen deficient [WC]-type central stars. Only with the discovery of IC4663 and its unusual composition can we now connect [WN] central stars to the O(He) central stars in a second H-deficient and He-rich evolutionary sequence, [WN]->O(He), that exists in parallel to the carbon-rich [WC]->PG1159 sequence. This suggests a simpler mechanism, perhaps a binary merger, can better explain H-deficiency in PNe and potentially other H-deficient/He-rich stars. In this respect IC4663 is the best supported case for a possible merged binary central star of a PN.