Dark/Visible Parallel Universes and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

TL;DR

This paper proposes a model with six parallel universes, including visible and dark matter, introducing a new gauge boson called Mulato, and examines its implications on Big Bang nucleosynthesis and cosmological observations.

Contribution

It introduces a novel multi-universe model with a new gauge boson and analyzes its effects on early universe processes like BBN and CMB constraints.

Findings

Limits on the mass and width of the Mulato boson from cosmological data

Modified particle energy distribution during BBN due to new interactions

Altered reaction rates during BBN affecting element synthesis

Abstract

We develop a model for visible matter-dark matter interaction based on the exchange of a massive gray boson called herein the Mulato. Our model hinges on the assumption that all known particles in the visible matter have their counterparts in the dark matter. We postulate six families of particles five of which are dark. This leads to the unavoidable postulation of six parallel worlds, the visible one and five invisible worlds. A close study of big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), baryon asymmetries, cosmic microwave background (CMB) bounds, galaxy dynamics, together with the Standard Model assumptions, help us to set a limit on the mass and width of the new gauge boson. Modification of the statistics underlying the kinetic energy distribution of particles during the BBN is also discussed. The changes in reaction rates during the BBN due to a departure from the Debye-Hueckel electron screening model is also investigated.