Are GRBs the most violent events in the Universe?

TL;DR

This paper proposes that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may have significantly lower intrinsic energies than previously thought, suggesting they are less violent and more comparable to active galactic nuclei than stellar black hole events.

Contribution

It introduces a model considering anisotropic radiation in GRBs, leading to lower estimated intrinsic energies than traditional models.

Findings

Intrinsic energies around 10^{44} ergs for Lorentz factor ~10

Intrinsic energies around 10^{38} ergs for Lorentz factor ~300

Results align GRB energies more with AGN than stellar black hole events

Abstract

Considering a GRB event as a relativistic flux where the relativistic beam makes radiation become anisotropic, we are able to show that the required intrinsic energy associated with these events is significantly smaller than those values commonly presented in literature. Our results show energy values around $10^{44}$ ergs for Lorentz $\Gamma$ factor $\sim 10$ and around $10^{38}$ ergs for $\Gamma \sim 300$, values which are more compatible with energies involved in AGN events rather than those related to the formation of stellar black holes and hypernovas.