The return of the Andromedids meteor shower
Paul A. Wiegert, Peter G. Brown, Robert J. Weryk, Daniel K. Wong

TL;DR
The paper analyzes the 2011 return of the Andromedids meteor shower, linking it to comet 3D/Biela's historical activity, and uses observations and simulations to understand its origins and predict future returns.
Contribution
It provides detailed observational data and numerical simulations that connect the 2011 meteor shower to specific past activity of comet 3D/Biela, enhancing understanding of its debris stream.
Findings
The 2011 outburst had a zenithal hourly rate of ~50.
The meteoroids were primarily ejected during 3D/Biela's 1649 perihelion.
The particles were small, with radii around 0.5 mm.
Abstract
The Andromedid meteor shower underwent spectacular outbursts in 1872 and 1885, producing thousands of visual meteors per hour and described as `stars fell like rain' in Chinese records of the time. The shower originates from comet 3D/Biela whose disintegration in the mid-1800's is linked to the outbursts, but the shower has been weak or absent since the late 19th Century. This shower returned in December 2011 with a zenithal hourly rate of approximately 50, the strongest return in over a hundred years. Some 122 probable Andromedid orbits were detected by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar. The shower outburst occurred during 2011 Dec 3-5. The radiant at RA + and Dec + is typical of the `classical' Andromedids of the early 1800's, whose radiant was actually in Cassiopeia. The orbital elements indicate that the material involved was released before 3D/Biela's…
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