M82 - A radio continuum and polarisation study I. Data reduction and cosmic ray propagation

TL;DR

This study analyzes radio continuum and polarization data of M82 to understand magnetic fields and cosmic ray propagation, revealing insights into feedback processes and the galaxy's magnetic environment.

Contribution

Introduces a new calibration technique for high dynamic range radio data and combines multi-wavelength archival data to study magnetic fields and cosmic rays in M82.

Findings

Magnetic field strength in the core is 98μG, in the halo 24μG.

Radio emission confined to the core at short wavelengths and extended halo at longer wavelengths.

Cosmic rays are limited by energy losses and require multiple starburst periods to form the observed halo.

Abstract

The potential role of magnetic fields and cosmic ray propagation for feedback processes in the early Universe can be probed by studies of local starburst counterparts with an equivalent star-formation rate. Archival data from the WSRT was reduced and a new calibration technique introduced to reach the high dynamic ranges needed for the complex source morphology of M82. This data was combined with archival VLA data, yielding total power maps at 3cm, 6cm, 22cm and 92cm. The data shows a confinement of the emission at wavelengths of 3/6cm to the core region and a largely extended halo reaching up to 4kpc away from the galaxy midplane at wavelengths of 22/92cm up to a sensitivity limit of 90muJy and 1.8mJy respectively. The results are used to calculate the magnetic field strength in the core region to 98muG and to 24muG in the halo regions. From the observation of free-free losses the filling factor of the ionised medium could be estimated to 2%. We find that the radio emission from the core region is dominated by very dense HII-regions and supernova remnants, while the surrounding medium is filled with hot X-ray and neutral gas. Cosmic rays radiating at frequencies higher than 1.4 GHz are suffering from high synchrotron and inverse Compton losses in the core region and are not able to reach the halo. Even the cosmic rays radiating at longer wavelengths are only able to build up the observed kpc sized halo, when several starbursting periods are assumed where the photon field density varies by an order of magnitude. These findings together with the strong correlation between Halpha, PAH+, and our radio continuum data suggests a magnetic field which is frozen into the ionised medium and driven out of the galaxy kinematically.