Cosmic Dark Energy Emerging from Gravitationally Effective Vacuum Fluctuations

TL;DR

This paper proposes a model where only specific vacuum fluctuations become gravitationally effective in an expanding universe, providing insights into dark energy, the cosmological constant problem, and neutrino mass constraints.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach linking effective vacuum energy to cosmic expansion, addressing key cosmological problems and fixing neutrino mass ranges.

Findings

Effective vacuum energy density relates to critical cosmic density.

Only photon and lightest neutrino vacuum fields contribute today.

Neutrino masses are constrained within a narrow range.

Abstract

Astronomical observations indicate an accelerated cosmic expansion, the cause of which is explained by the action of `dark energy'. Here we show that in discrete expanding space-time, only a tiny fraction of the vacuum fluctuations can become gravitationally effective and act as a driving `dark' agent. The analytically derived effective vacuum energy density is found to be closely related to the critical cosmic energy density, thus helping to solve the cosmological constant problem as well as the coincidence problem. The proposed model implies that in the present day universe only the vacuum field of the photon and that of the lightest neutrino contribute to the effective vacuum. This allows one to fix the neutrino masses within a narrow range. The model also implies that the (real) universe has to be considered as a thermodynamically open system which exchanges energy and momentum with the virtual reservoir of the vacuum.