Measurement of the Scintillation Yield of Low-Energy Electrons in Liquid Xenon

TL;DR

This study measures how the scintillation yield of liquid xenon varies with low-energy electron energies between 2.1 and 120.2 keV, revealing a non-monotonic dependence and effects of ionization on light production.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed energy dependence of LXe scintillation yield for electrons in this energy range using the Compton coincidence technique.

Findings

Scintillation yield increases from 120 keV to 60 keV, then decreases by 30% down to 2 keV.

The 32.1 keV transition yield matches Compton electron measurements.

The 9.4 keV transition yield is higher due to enhanced recombination effects.

Abstract

We have measured the energy dependence of the liquid xenon (LXe) scintillation yield of electrons with energy between 2.1 and 120.2keV, using the Compton coincidence technique. A LXe scintillation detector with a very high light detection efficiency was irradiated with 137Cs {\gamma} rays and the energy of the Compton-scattered {\gamma} rays was measured with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector placed at different scattering angles. The excellent energy resolution of the HPGe detector allows the selection of events with Compton electrons of known energy in the LXe detector. We find that the scintillation yield initially increases as the electron energy decreases from 120 keV to about 60keV but then decreases by about 30% from 60keV to 2keV. The measured scintillation yield was also measured with conversion electrons from the 32.1 keV and 9.4 keV transitions of the 83mKr isomer, used as an internal calibration source. We find that the scintillation yield of the 32.1 keV transition is compatible with that obtained from the Compton coincidence measurement. On the other hand, the yield for the 9.4keV transition is much higher than that measured for a Compton electron of the same energy. We interpret the enhancement in the scintillation yield as due to the enhanced recombination rate in the presence of Xe ions left from the 32.1 keV transition, which precedes the 9.4 keV one by 220 ns, on average.