Vafa-Witten theorem, vector meson condensates and magnetic-field-induced electromagnetic superconductivity of vacuum

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that vacuum electromagnetic superconductivity under strong magnetic fields aligns with the Vafa-Witten theorem by linking vector meson condensates to symmetry locking in QCD.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical explanation reconciling vacuum superconductivity with the Vafa-Witten theorem through symmetry considerations.

Findings

Vacuum can become superconducting in strong magnetic fields.

Charged vector meson condensates are key to this phenomenon.

Symmetry locking explains compatibility with the Vafa-Witten theorem.

Abstract

We show that the electromagnetic superconductivity of vacuum in strong magnetic field background is consistent with the Vafa-Witten theorem because the charged vector meson condensates lock relevant internal global symmetries of QCD with the electromagnetic gauge group.