Plutino 15810 (1994 JR1), an accidental quasi-satellite of Pluto

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates through simulations that the minor body 15810 (1994 JR1) is an accidental quasi-satellite of Pluto, revealing that such resonant states occur around dwarf planets and can last for hundreds of thousands of years.

Contribution

It is the first to identify a minor body as a quasi-satellite of Pluto, expanding the understanding of quasi-satellite phenomena to dwarf planets and asteroids.

Findings

15810 (1994 JR1) is a quasi-satellite of Pluto for nearly 350,000 years.

Quasi-satellite episodes recur approximately every 2 million years.

Pluto is the second dwarf planet known to host a quasi-satellite.

Abstract

In the solar system, quasi-satellites move in a 1:1 mean motion resonance going around their host body like a retrograde satellite but their mutual separation is well beyond the Hill radius and the trajectory is not closed as they orbit the Sun not the host body. So far, minor bodies temporarily trapped in the quasi-satellite dynamical state have been identified around Venus, Earth, the dwarf planet (1) Ceres, the large asteroid (4) Vesta, Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune. Using computer simulations, Tiscareno and Malhotra have predicted the existence of a small but significant population of minor bodies moving in a 1:1 mean motion resonance with Pluto. Here we show using N-body calculations that the Plutino 15810 (1994 JR1) is currently an accidental quasi-satellite of Pluto and it will remain as such for nearly 350,000 yr. By accidental we mean that the quasi-satellite phase is triggered (or terminated) not by a direct gravitational influence in the form of a discrete close encounter but as a result of a resonance. The relative mean longitude of the Plutino circulates with a superimposed libration resulting from the oscillation of the orbital period induced by the 2:3 mean motion resonance with Neptune. These quasi-satellite episodes are recurrent with a periodicity of nearly 2 Myr. This makes 15810 the first minor body moving in a 1:1 mean motion resonance with Pluto. It also makes Pluto the second dwarf planet, besides Ceres, to host a quasi-satellite. Our finding confirms that the quasi-satellite resonant phase is not restricted to small bodies orbiting major planets but is possible for dwarf planets/asteroids too. Moreover, 15810 could be considered as a possible secondary target for NASA's Pluto-Kuiper Belt Mission New Horizons after the main Pluto flyby in 2015.