Some Aspects of Optical Spatial Solitons in Photorefractive Crystals

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent advances in optical spatial solitons within photorefractive crystals, discussing their underlying physics, types, configurations, formation mechanisms, and vector soliton phenomena.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of different soliton types, their formation, and properties in photorefractive media, including new insights into vector and missing solitons.

Findings

Analysis of three soliton types: screening, photovoltaic, screening photovoltaic

Derivation of nonlinear dynamical equations for single and two-photon processes

Discussion of vector and missing solitons phenomena

Abstract

We have reviewed recent developments of some aspects of optical spatial solitons in photorefractive media. Underlying principles governing the dynamics of photorefractive nonlinearity have been discussed using band transport model. Nonlinear dynamical equations for propagating solitons have been derived considering single as well as two-photon photorefractive processes. Fundamental properties of three types of solitons, particularly, screening, photovoltaic and screening photovoltaic solitons have been considered. For each type of solitons, three different configurations i.e., bright, dark and gray varieties have been considered. Mechanisms of formation of these solitons due to single as well as two-photon photorefractive processes have been considered and their self bending discussed. Vector solitons, particularly, incoherently coupled solitons due to single photon and two-photon photorefractive phenomena have been highlighted. Existence of some missing solitons have been also pointed out.