The on-board data handling concept for the LOFT Large Area Detector

TL;DR

The paper describes the on-board data handling system for LOFT's Large Area Detector, enabling efficient data processing, customizable observation modes, and lossless compression to support high-throughput X-ray observations near black holes and neutron stars.

Contribution

It introduces a novel on-board data handling concept tailored for LOFT's segmented detector, enhancing data management and observation flexibility.

Findings

Achieves high throughput of ~280,000 counts/sec from Crab

Supports customizable observation modes for different source intensities

Implements lossless data compression onboard

Abstract

The Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT) is one of the four candidate ESA M3 missions considered for launch in the time-frame of 2022. It is specifically designed to perform fast X-ray timing and probe the status of the matter near black holes and neutron stars. The LOFT scientific payload consists of a Large Area Detector and a Wide Field Monitor. The LAD is a 10 m^2-class pointed instrument with high spectral (200 eV @ 6 keV) and timing (< 10 {\mu}s) resolution over the 2-80 keV range. It is designed to observe persistent and transient X-ray sources with a very large dynamic range from a few mCrab up to an intensity of 15 Crab. An unprecedented large throughput (~280.000 cts/s from the Crab) is achieved with a segmented detector, making pile-up and dead-time, often worrying or limiting focused experiments, secondary issues. We present the on-board data handling concept that follows the highly segmented and hierarchical structure of the instrument from the front-end electronics to the on-board software. The system features customizable observation modes ranging from event-by-event data for sources below 0.5 Crab to individually adjustable time resolved spectra for the brighter sources. On-board lossless data compression will be applied before transmitting the data to ground.