On the Efficiency-vs-Security Tradeoff in the Smart Grid

TL;DR

This paper investigates how cyber-attacks exploiting delay tolerance in smart grids can increase operational costs, emphasizing the importance of robust intrusion detection to balance efficiency and security.

Contribution

It models the interaction between attackers and operators in smart grids, revealing that increased delay tolerance can be exploited to raise costs, and proposes strategies for both parties.

Findings

Delay tolerance can be exploited to increase costs

Robust intrusion detection is crucial for security

Attack strategies can manipulate energy scheduling

Abstract

The smart grid is envisioned to significantly enhance the efficiency of energy consumption, by utilizing two-way communication channels between consumers and operators. For example, operators can opportunistically leverage the delay tolerance of energy demands in order to balance the energy load over time, and hence, reduce the total operational cost. This opportunity, however, comes with security threats, as the grid becomes more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. In this paper, we study the impact of such malicious cyber-attacks on the energy efficiency of the grid in a simplified setup. More precisely, we consider a simple model where the energy demands of the smart grid consumers are intercepted and altered by an active attacker before they arrive at the operator, who is equipped with limited intrusion detection capabilities. We formulate the resulting optimization problems faced by the operator and the attacker and propose several scheduling and attack strategies for both parties. Interestingly, our results show that, as opposed to facilitating cost reduction in the smart grid, increasing the delay tolerance of the energy demands potentially allows the attacker to force increased costs on the system. This highlights the need for carefully constructed and robust intrusion detection mechanisms at the operator.