The U(1) symmetry of the non-tribimaximal pattern in the degenerate mass spectrum case of the neutrino mass matrix

TL;DR

This paper explores the U(1) symmetry in neutrino mass matrices with non-zero $ heta_z$, demonstrating how it influences mass hierarchies and charged lepton masses within various seesaw mechanisms and flavor symmetries.

Contribution

It provides an explicit realization of U(1) symmetry for non-tribimaximal neutrino mixing with degenerate masses, incorporating realistic $ heta_z$ values and flavor symmetries in comprehensive models.

Findings

U(1) symmetry constrains neutrino mass patterns.

Models accommodate charged lepton hierarchies.

Neutrino mass hierarchies emerge with non-zero $ heta_z$.

Abstract

On account of the new neutrino oscillation data signalling a non-zero value for the smallest mixing angle ($\theta_z$), we present an explicit realization of the underlying U(1) symmetry characterizing the maximal atmospheric mixing angle ($\theta_y = \pi / 4$) pattern with two degenerate masses but now with generic values of $\theta_z$. We study the effects of the form invariance with respect to U(1), and/or $Z_3$, $Z_2$ subgroups, on the Yukawa couplings and the mass terms. Later on, we specify $\theta_z$ to its experimental best fit value ($ \sim 8^o$), and impose the symmetry in an entire model which includes charged leptons, and many Higgs doublets or standard model singlet heavy scalars, to show that it can make room for the charged lepton mass hierarchies. In addition, we show for the non-tribimaximal value of $\theta_z \neq 0$ within type-I seesaw mechanism enhanced with flavor symmetry that neutrino mass hierarchies can be generated. Furthermore, lepton/baryogenesis can be interpreted via type-II seesaw mechanism within a setup meeting the flavor U(1)-symmetry.