Nuclear Symmetry Energy from QCD sum rules

TL;DR

This paper uses QCD sum rules to relate nucleon self-energies in asymmetric nuclear matter to the nuclear symmetry energy, highlighting the role of twist-4 matrix elements and extending QCD sum rule insights from symmetric to asymmetric matter.

Contribution

It introduces a QCD sum rule approach to compute the nuclear symmetry energy, emphasizing the significance of twist-4 matrix elements and their experimental extraction.

Findings

Scalar self-energy contributes negatively to symmetry energy.

Vector self-energy contributes positively to symmetry energy.

Twist-4 matrix elements significantly influence the scalar self-energy.

Abstract

We calculate the nucleon self-energies in isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter using QCD sum rules. Taking the difference of these for the neutron and proton enables us to express the potential part of the nuclear symmetry energy in terms of local operators. We find that the scalar (vector) self-energy part gives a negative (positive) contribution to the nuclear symmetry energy which is consistent with the results from relativistic mean-field theories. Moreover, we find that an important contribution to the negative contribution of the scalar self-energy comes from the twist-4 matrix elements, whose leading density dependence can be extracted from deep inelastic scattering experiments. This suggests that the twist-4 contribution partly mimics the exchange of the $\delta$ meson and that it constitutes an essential part in the origin of the nuclear symmetry energy from QCD. Our result also extends an early success of QCD sum rule method in understanding the symmetric nuclear matter in terms of QCD variables to the asymmetric nuclear matter case.