TL;DR
Gamma-ray bursts are extremely luminous cosmic events that occur daily, lasting seconds, with recent satellite data significantly advancing understanding but still leaving many mysteries unresolved.
Contribution
This review synthesizes recent observational data from Swift and Fermi satellites with theoretical models of GRB emission and afterglows.
Findings
Recent satellite data have provided new insights into GRB phenomena.
Theoretical models are being refined to explain prompt emission and afterglows.
Many aspects of GRB mechanisms remain unexplained.
Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are bright flashes of gamma-rays coming from the cosmos. They occur roughly once per day, last typically 10s of seconds and are the most luminous events in the universe. More than three decades after their discovery, and after pioneering advances from space and ground experiments, they still remain mysterious. The launch of the Swift and Fermi satellites in 2004 and 2008 brought in a trove of qualitatively new data. In this review we survey the interplay between these recent observations and the theoretical models of the prompt GRB emission and the subsequent afterglows.
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