The ATLAS 5.5 GHz survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Catalogue, Source Counts and Spectral Indices

TL;DR

This study presents a deep 5.5 GHz survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South, analyzing source counts, spectral indices, and identifying young AGN candidates, revealing insights into faint radio source populations.

Contribution

It provides one of the deepest 6cm radio surveys to date, with detailed spectral index analysis and identification of young AGN candidates in the faint radio population.

Findings

Median spectral index is -0.40 for the full sample.

Spectral index steepens to -0.68 at flux densities below 0.1 mJy.

Steep average spectral index of -0.8 for faint 1.4 GHz sources.

Abstract

Star forming galaxies are thought to dominate the sub-mJy radio population, but recent work has shown that low luminosity AGN can still make a significant contribution to the faint radio source population. Spectral indices are an important tool for understanding the emission mechanism of the faint radio sources. We have observed the extended Chandra Deep Field South at 5.5 GHz using a mosaic of 42 pointings with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). Our image reaches an almost uniform sensitivity of ~12 microJy rms over 0.25 deg^2 with a restoring beam of 4.9 x 2.0 arcsec, making it one of the deepest 6cm surveys to date. We present the 5.5 GHz catalogue and source counts from this field. We take advantage of the large amounts of ancillary data in this field to study the 1.4 to 5.5 GHz spectral indices of the sub-mJy population. For the full 5.5 GHz selected sample we find a flat median spectral index, alpha_med = -0.40, which is consistent with previous results. However, the spectral index appears to steepen at the faintest flux density levels (S_{5.5 GHz} < 0.1 mJy), where alpha_med = -0.68. We performed stacking analysis of the faint 1.4 GHz selected sample (40 < S_{1.4 GHz} < 200 microJy) and also find a steep average spectral index, alpha = -0.8, consistent with synchrotron emission. We find a weak trend of steepening spectral index with redshift. Several young AGN candidates are identified using spectral indices, suggesting Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) sources are as common in the mJy population as they are at Jy levels.