TL;DR
This paper reviews the theoretical advancements in understanding nucleon structure functions in deep-inelastic scattering, crucial for testing QCD and aiding precision measurements at hadron colliders.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive review of the current theoretical status of perturbative QCD calculations for unpolarized and polarized lepton-hadron scattering.
Findings
Significant progress in precision calculations over the last two decades.
Enhanced understanding of parton distribution functions and strong coupling constant.
Implications for precision measurements at hadron colliders.
Abstract
The nucleon structure functions probed in deep-inelastic scattering at large virtualities form an important tool to test Quantum Chromdynamics (QCD) through precision measurements of the strong coupling constant and the different parton distribution functions. The exact knowledge of these quantities is also of importance for all precision measurements at hadron colliders. During the last two decades very significant progress has been made in performing precision calculations. We review the theoretical status reached for both unpolarized and polarized lepton-hadron scattering based on perturbative QCD.
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