Searching for sterile neutrinos from $\pi$ and $K$ decays

TL;DR

This paper investigates sterile neutrino production from meson decays, proposes a method to measure their properties using helicity separation, and analyzes decoherence effects impacting experimental results.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to detect sterile neutrinos via helicity-based spatial separation and studies decoherence effects in short baseline experiments.

Findings

Branching ratios for sterile neutrino production are calculated.

Decoherence effects can cause underestimation of neutrino parameters in experiments.

Stopping charged leptons at short distances reduces decoherence impacts.

Abstract

The production of heavy sterile neutrinos from $\pi^-,K^-$ decay at rest yields charged leptons with negative helicity (positive for $\pi^+,K^+$). We obtain the branching ratio for this process and argue that a Stern-Gerlach filter leads to spatially separated domains of both helicity components with abundances determined by the branching ratio. Complemented with a search of monochromatic peaks, this setup can yield both the mass and mixing angles for sterile neutrinos with masses in the range $3 MeV \lesssim m_s \lesssim 414 MeV$ in next generation high intensity experiments. We also study oscillations of light Dirac and Majorana sterile neutrinos with $m_s \simeq eV$ produced in meson decays including decoherence aspects arising from lifetime effects of the decaying mesons and the stopping distance of the charged lepton in short baseline experiments. We obtain the transition probability from production to detection via charged current interactions including these decoherence effects for 3+1 and 3+2 scenarios, also studying $|\Delta L|=2$ transitions from $\bar{\nu} \leftrightarrow \nu$ oscillations for Majorana neutrinos and the impact of these effects on the determination of CP-violating amplitudes. We argue that decoherence effects are important in current short baseline accelerator experiments, leading to an underestimate of masses, mixing and CP-violating angles. At MiniBooNE/SciBooNE we estimate that these effects lead to an $\sim 15%$ underestimate for sterile neutrino masses $m_s \gtrsim 3 \,\mathrm{eV}$. We argue that reactor and current short baseline accelerator experiments are fundamentally different and suggest that in future high intensity experiments with neutrinos produced from $\pi,K$ decay at rest, stopping the charged leptons on distances much smaller than the decay length of the parent meson suppresses considerably these decoherence effects.