TL;DR
This paper traces the evolution of the concept of correlations in quantum physics, from Shannon's information theory to quantum discord, highlighting their roles in measurement, entanglement, and thermodynamics.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive historical overview of how correlations have been understood and quantified in quantum physics, introducing quantum discord as a key concept.
Findings
Quantum discord captures the boundary between entanglement and classical correlations.
Discussion of correlations in thermodynamic transformations of harmonic oscillators.
Historical perspective linking information theory and quantum correlations.
Abstract
We provide an historical perspective of how the notion of correlations has evolved within quantum physics. We begin by reviewing Shannon's information theory and its first application in quantum physics, due to Everett, in explaining the information conveyed during a quantum measurement. This naturally leads us to Lindblad's information theoretic analysis of quantum measurements and his emphasis of the difference between the classical and quantum mutual information. After briefly summarising the quantification of entanglement using these and related ideas, we arrive at the concept of quantum discord that naturally captures the boundary between entanglement and classical correlations. Finally we discuss possible links between discord and the generation of correlations in thermodynamic transformations of coupled harmonic oscillators.
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