Ammonia from cold high-mass clumps discovered in the inner Galactic disk by the ATLASGAL survey
M. Wienen, F. Wyrowski, F. Schuller, K. M. Menten, C. M. Walmsley, L., Bronfman, F. Motte

TL;DR
This study uses ammonia observations from the ATLASGAL survey to characterize the physical properties and evolutionary stages of cold, high-mass star-forming clumps in the inner Galactic disk, revealing temperature and linewidth trends.
Contribution
It provides the largest ammonia dataset for high-mass star-forming clumps, offering new insights into their temperatures, dynamics, and distribution in the Galaxy.
Findings
Most clumps are cold with temperatures 10-30 K.
Ammonia is confirmed as an effective probe of these clumps.
Temperature and linewidth increase with evolutionary stage.
Abstract
The APEX Telescope Large Area Survey: The Galaxy (ATLASGAL) is an unbiased continuum survey of the inner Galactic disk at 870 \mu m. It covers +/- 60 deg in Galactic longitude and aims to find all massive clumps at various stages of high-mass star formation in the inner Galaxy, particularly the earliest evolutionary phases. We aim to determine properties such as the gas kinetic temperature and dynamics of new massive cold clumps found by ATLASGAL. Most importantly, we derived their kinematical distances from the measured line velocities. We observed the ammonia (J,K) = (1,1) to (3,3) inversion transitions toward 862 clumps of a flux-limited sample of submm clumps detected by ATLASGAL and extracted 13CO (1-0) spectra from the Galactic Ring Survey (GRS). We determined distances for a subsample located at the tangential points (71 sources) and for 277 clumps whose near/far distance…
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