Study of stability of relativistic ideal Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the thermodynamic stability of relativistic ideal Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing that states with antibosons are more entropic and pressureful, but the antiboson-free state remains metastable, with generalizations across dimensions.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the stability of relativistic Bose-Einstein condensates including antibosons, extending results to arbitrary spatial dimensions.

Findings

States with antibosons have higher entropy and pressure.

The antiboson-free state is metastable.

Results are generalized for any number of spatial dimensions.

Abstract

A relativistic complex scalar boson field at finite temperature $T$ is examined below its critical Bose-Einstein condensation temperature. It is shown that at the same $T$ the state with antibosons has higher entropy, lower Helmholtz free energy and higher pressure than the state without antibosons, but the same Gibbs free energy as it should. This implies that the configuration without antibosons is metastable. Results are generalized for arbitrary $d$ spatial dimensions.